What is a Diabetic Foot Ulcer?
A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore or wound that typically forms on the bottom of the foot in individuals with diabetes. Due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation, people with diabetes may not feel injuries on their feet, allowing small cuts, blisters, or pressure points to develop into ulcers. If left untreated, these ulcers can become infected and lead to serious complications, including amputation.
What Causes Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Peripheral neuropathy (loss of sensation in the feet)
Poor circulation (peripheral arterial disease)
High blood sugar levels, which impair wound healing
Foot deformities (like bunions or hammer toes) that create pressure points
Ill-fitting shoes that cause friction or blisters
Infections that develop from minor injuries or neglected wounds
Symptoms of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
A red, open sore or wound, often on the sole or under the toes
Swelling, warmth, or discoloration around the ulcer
Drainage from the wound that can stain socks or shoes
Foul odor, indicating possible infection
Pain or numbness in the affected area
How Can a Podiatrist Help with Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Podiatrists are essential in the prevention, treatment, and management of diabetic foot ulcers to avoid serious complications. Here’s how they can help:
Early Detection and Regular Foot Exams
Podiatrists perform routine foot exams to detect ulcers, calluses, or pressure points early. Early intervention can prevent ulcers from worsening.
Wound Care and Debridement
Professional cleaning and debridement (removal of dead tissue) promotes healing and prevents infections.
They may apply dressings and topical medications specifically designed to support wound healing.
Offloading Pressure
Podiatrists may recommend custom orthotics, special shoes, or padding to relieve pressure on the ulcer and allow it to heal.
In more severe cases, a walking boot or cast may be used to protect the foot from further damage.
Infection Management
If infections develop, podiatrists collaborate with other healthcare providers to prescribe antibiotics and closely monitor the wound.
They may also perform cultures and imaging to ensure the infection hasn’t spread to the bone.
Preventing Recurrence
Podiatrists help develop personalized prevention plans, including blood sugar management, daily foot inspections, and proper footwear.
They can offer guidance on nail care, moisturizing, and treating minor injuries to prevent future ulcers.
Surgical Solutions (if needed)
In severe cases, podiatrists may recommend surgical interventions to correct deformities or restore circulation to the foot. Surgery may also be necessary to remove infected tissue.
The Importance of Early Intervention
Diabetic foot ulcers can heal with proper care, but they require prompt treatment. If left untreated, even small ulcers can worsen, increasing the risk of infection, gangrene, and amputation.
If you have diabetes and notice any sores, redness, or swelling on your feet, see a podiatrist immediately. With expert care and proactive management, you can prevent complications and maintain healthy feet for years to come.